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ML System Design Case Studies

Twenty worked ML and GenAI system design case studies, built for interview prep. Each one drives a single problem to the floor through the same reusable scaffold: clarify, frame as ML, data and labels, baseline, model, evaluation, deployment, monitoring. Every case study includes a full one hour interview transcript, a junior versus senior contrast, and a one page whiteboard cheat sheet.

Read one case study end to end, internalize the scaffold, and the rest become the same skeleton with different nouns.

Recommendation & Personalization

How systems decide what to show a user, and how feedback loops quietly bias the labels you train on.

Search, Ranking & Ads

Ranking under a relevance label problem, calibration, and the auction and experimentation layer that sits on top.

LLM & GenAI Systems

Grounding, retrieval, agents, serving, safety, and how you evaluate systems that have no clean ground truth.

Trust, Safety & Anomaly

Imbalanced, adversarial, and contested label problems where the cost of a mistake is asymmetric.

ML Platform & Ops

The infrastructure underneath every model: safe rollout, train serve skew, drift, and retraining.